835 research outputs found
A thermodynamically self-consistent theory for the Blume-Capel model
We use a self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation to study the
Blume-Capel ferromagnet on three-dimensional lattices. The correlation
functions and the thermodynamics are obtained from the solution of two coupled
partial differential equations. The theory provides a comprehensive and
accurate description of the phase diagram in all regions, including the wing
boundaries in non-zero magnetic field. In particular, the coordinates of the
tricritical point are in very good agreement with the best estimates from
simulation or series expansion. Numerical and analytical analysis strongly
suggest that the theory predicts a universal Ising-like critical behavior along
the -line and the wing critical lines, and a tricritical behavior
governed by mean-field exponents.Comment: 11 figures. to appear in Physical Review
Ethyl 6-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-2-oxo-4-(2-thienyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate
The title compound, C24H22O4S, was prepared by reaction between (2E)-3-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-1-(2-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-one and ethyl acetoacetate. In the crystal, the cyclohexenone ring shows a distorted half-chair conformation. The length of the double bond in the cyclohexenone ring [1.343 (4) Å] is normal
The Role of Dimensionality on the Optoelectronic Properties of Oxide and Halide Perovskites, and their Halide Derivatives
Funder: Kim and Juliana Silverman Research FellowshipFunder: Graduate Assistance in Areas of National NeedAbstract: Halide perovskite semiconductors have risen to prominence in photovoltaics and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), but traditional oxide perovskites, which overcome the stability limitations of their halide counterparts, have also recently witnessed a rise in potential as solar absorbers. One of the many important factors underpinning these developments is an understanding of the role of dimensionality on the optoelectronic properties and, consequently, on the performance of the materials in photovoltaics and LEDs. This review article examines the role of structural and electronic dimensionality, as well as form factor, in oxide and halide perovskites, and in lead‐free alternatives to halide perovskites. Insights into how dimensionality influences the band gap, stability, charge‐carrier transport, recombination processes and defect tolerance of the materials, and the impact these parameters have on device performance are brought forward. Particular emphasis is placed on carrier/exciton‐phonon coupling, which plays a significant role in the materials considered, owing to their soft lattices and composition of heavy elements, and becomes more prominent as dimensionality is reduced. It is finished with a discussion of the implications on the classes of materials future efforts should focus on, as well as the key questions that need to be addressed
Engineering Schottky contacts in open-air fabricated heterojunction solar cells to enable high performance and ohmic charge transport.
The efficiencies of open-air processed Cu2O/Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O heterojunction solar cells are doubled by reducing the effect of the Schottky barrier between Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O and the indium tin oxide (ITO) top contact. By depositing Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O with a long band-tail, charge flows through the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O/ITO Schottky barrier without rectification by hopping between the sub-bandgap states. High current densities are obtained by controlling the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O thickness to ensure that the Schottky barrier is spatially removed from the p-n junction, allowing the full built-in potential to form, in addition to taking advantage of the increased electrical conductivity of the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O films with increasing thickness. This work therefore shows that the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O window layer sub-bandgap state density and thickness are critical parameters that can be engineered to minimize the effect of Schottky barriers on device performance. More generally, these findings show how to improve the performance of other photovoltaic system reliant on transparent top contacts, e.g., CZTS and CIGS.This work was supported by EPSRC of the UK (award number RG3717)This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available from ACS at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am5058663
Critical behavior of a fluid in a disordered porous matrix: An Ornstein-Zernike approach
Using a liquid-state approach based on Ornstein-Zernike equations, we study
the behavior of a fluid inside a porous disordered matrix near the liquid-gas
critical point.The results obtained within various standard approximation
schemes such as lowest-order -ordering and the mean-spherical
approximation suggest that the critical behavior is closely related to that of
the random-field Ising model (RFIM).Comment: 10 pages, revtex, to appear in Physical Review Letter
Density anomaly in a competing interactions lattice gas model
We study a very simple model of a short-range attraction and an outer shell
repulsion as a test system for demixing phase transition and density anomaly.
The phase-diagram is obtained by applying mean field analysis and Monte Carlo
simulations to a two dimensional lattice gas with nearest-neighbors attraction
and next-nearest-neighbors repulsion (the outer shell). Two liquid phases and
density anomaly are found.
The coexistence line between these two liquid phases meets a critical line
between the fluid and the low density liquid at a tricritical point. The line
of maximum density emerges in the vicinity of the tricritical point, close to
the demixing transition
Understanding the role of grain boundaries on charge-carrier and ion transport in Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films
Halide double perovskites have gained significant attention, owing to their composition of low-toxicity elements, stability in air, and recent demonstrations of long charge-carrier lifetimes that can exceed 1 s. In particular, Cs2AgBiBr6 has been the subject of many investigations in photovoltaic devices. However, the efficiencies of solar cells based on this double perovskite are still far from the theoretical efficiency limit of the material. Here, we investigate the role of grain size on the optoelectronic properties of Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films. We show through cathodoluminescence measurements that grain boundaries are the dominant non-radiative recombination sites. We also demonstrate through field-effect transistor and temperature-dependent transient current measurements that grain boundaries act as the main channels for ion transport. Interestingly, we find a positive correlation between carrier mobility and temperature, which resembles the hopping mechanism often seen in organic semiconductors. These findings explain the discrepancy between the long diffusion lengths >1 m found in Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals versus the limited performance achieved in their thin film counterparts. Our work shows that mitigating the impact of grain boundaries will be critical for these double perovskite thin films to reach the performance achievable based on their intrinsic single-crystal properties
- …